Poorly located downspouts often contribute to foundation flooding and water damage.
Poor drainage around a structure's perimeter leads to several foundation problems, including decreased structural stability, basement seepage, termite infestation and mold growth. Although many drainage solutions require significant digging, the concepts behind proper foundation drainage are easy to understand and execute. However, before breaking ground, you should inspect your home's landscape and gutter systems for defects. An understanding of the causes of drainage problems helps you determine the best technique for your job. Does this Spark an idea?
Gutter Construction
Ideally, gutters should deliver run-off away from entryways and foundations. However, poorly constructed gutter systems often dump water near foundations. Therefore, addressing a gutter system's flaws is a critical step in managing foundation drainage. Homeowners should seal gutter and gutter fitting connections to ensure that run-off progresses to the downspout. Additionally, downspouts located near foundation walls greatly contribute to foundation drainage problems. Several accessories can divert downspout run-off from foundation walls, including rain barrels, extension pipes and channels.
Landscape Slope
Often neglected, sloping a landscape away from a structure is the most basic foundation drainage technique. Although builders generally ensure proper slope during construction, erosion and landscaping often reverse the direction of the ground's slope and direct water toward a foundation. Additionally, hardscape surfaces must have proper slope, including concrete patio slabs and pathways. A slope of 1-inch per foot provides adequate drainage near walls, according to the North Dakota State University Extension Office. A slope of 1/4-inch per foot is acceptable for surfaces that sit several feet from walls.
Exterior Foundation Drainage
Exterior foundation drainage systems typically include a combination of drainpipes and French drain systems. A traditional French drain consists of a sloped trench filled with porous material, usually gravel. Builders cover the the top of the gravel with special, soil-blocking fabric to prevent soil from clogging the voids between the gravel. Builders construct a French drain adjacent to the foundation or footing and lay perforated drainpipe along the trench's bottom. A covering of gravel allows water to reach the pipe system, which delivers water away from the foundation. Set several inches below the top of the foundation, builders cover the soil-blocking fabric with sod or ground cover.
Interior Foundation Drainage
Many structures require French drain and drainpipe systems on the interior side of a foundation. Adding interior foundation drainage is easiest during new construction. However, if flooding or seepage problems force homeowners to add interior drainage to an existing home, builders must remove the perimeter of the basement slab to construct trenches and lay drainpipes.
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